Bin li moving average

b. Aby podążać określonym kursem: Ziemia porusza się wokół Słońca. do. Aby zmienić postawę lub pozycję, poruszaj: zbyt wystraszona, aby się poruszyć. re. Aby rozpocząć odejść: Po odczekaniu godziny, zdecydowaliśmy, że nadszedł czas na przeprowadzkę. mi. Gry Aby zmienić pozycję na planszy w grze planszowej. fa. Aby przejść z jednego miejsca zamieszkania do innego miejsca zamieszkania: Przeprowadziliśmy się do nowego mieszkania. sol. Lingwistyka Kopiowanie lub przenoszenie za pomocą transformacji ruchu do nowej pozycji w strukturze syntaktycznej. za. Aby postępować w sekwencji, idź naprzód: powieść, która porusza się powoli. b. Aby przejść do określonego stanu lub stanu: poruszanie się w firmie przechodzi do nowego tematu. 3. Zbywać w drodze sprzedaży: Wełny poruszają się powoli w lecie. 4. Uruchomienie lub obrót zgodnie z zaleconym ruchem. Używane maszyny. za. Aby pokazać wielką aktywność lub energię: Rzeczy naprawdę się poruszały za kulisami. b. Aby rozpocząć działanie: czas na podjęcie decyzji i podjęcie decyzji. do. Być aktywnym w określonym środowisku: porusza się w kręgach dyplomatycznych. 6. Wzbudzać emocje: słowa, które mają moc poruszania się. 7. Aby złożyć formalny wniosek w procedurze parlamentarnej: przejść na odroczenie. 8. Aby ewakuować. Używany w jelitach. za. Aby zmienić miejsce lub pozycję: przesunięto krzesło w kąt, nie można było przesunąć jego ramienia. b. Sprowadzanie tłumu z miejsca na miejsce. do. Gry Aby zmienić (kawałek) z jednej pozycji na inną w grze planszowej: przesunął pionek. za. Aby zmienić przebieg: przeniesiono dyskusję do innych spraw. b. Aby spowodować postęp lub postęp: przeniósł badania na nowe myślenie. za. Aby usunąć ze stałego punktu widzenia, jak przez perswazję: Porozmawiaj z nim, panie, zobacz, czy możesz go przenieść (Szekspir). b. Aby zachęcić do działania: gniew wzruszył ją, by się odezwać. do. Aby wzbudzić emocje afektu lub poruszenia. za. Aby spowodować działanie: Ta dźwignia przesuwa windę. b. Aby spowodować postęp lub awans: przeniósł projekt poza konwencjonalne myślenie. za. Zaproponowanie lub złożenie wniosku w ramach formalnej procedury parlamentarnej: wniosek o głosowanie. b. Aby złożyć formalny wniosek (na przykład sąd). 6. Zbywać w drodze sprzedaży: szybko przenieś nowe towary. 7. Aby spowodować (jelita) ewakuację. za. Akt lub instancja przeprowadzki. b. Szczególny sposób poruszania się: wykonał skomplikowane ruchy na parkiecie. 2. Zmiana miejsca zamieszkania lub lokalizacji. za. Akt przeniesienia utworu z jednej pozycji do drugiej w grach planszowych. b. Określony sposób odtwarzania utworu. do. Uczestnicy zwracają się, by zagrać. 4. Działania podjęte w celu osiągnięcia celu manewru: krok w kierunku zatrzymania wyścigu zbrojeń. Aby zacząć zajmować miejsce zamieszkania lub miejsce prowadzenia działalności. Aby przenieść uwagę lub emocje na inne sprawy, często w ramach wychodzenia z porażki lub trudności: Po zwolnieniu przeniósł się i zaczął szukać innej pracy. posunąć się w nieformalny sposób, aby zacząć działać. 1. Poczynić inwazyjne postępy w intruzji. 2. Próbować przejąć kontrolę nad: przeprowadzką na ich terytorium. 1. Aktywne poruszanie się: pielęgniarka jest w ruchu przez cały dzień. 2. Przechodzenie z jednego miejsca do drugiego: oddziały w ruchu. 3. Postępy w postępach: technologia, która jest wyraźnie w ruchu. Środkowy angielski moven. z Old French movoir. z łaciny movx113re see meux259- w dodatku indoeuropejskich korzeni. Synonimy: move, affect 1, touch Te czasowniki oznaczają poruszenie emocji osoby lub grupy. Move sugeruje silny lub głęboki emocjonalny wpływ, który często jest wyrażany otwarcie: performer, który poruszył publiczność do śmiechu i łez, głodu, który pobudził nas do litości. Afekt może sugerować ciszej, ale bardziej wytrwały stan emocjonalny, jak żal, strach lub żal: Roosevelt był głęboko dotknięty przez swoją utratę. Jeden po drugim, najbliżsi towarzysze prezydenta odpadli (Geoffrey C. Ward). Dotyk oznacza osobiste i często inspirujące doświadczenie, z sympatii, podziwu lub czułości: Pan Micawber zacisnął moją rękę i jęknął, a potem wylał łzy. Byłem bardzo wzruszony (Charles Dickens). 1. aby przejść lub przenieść się z jednego miejsca do innej zmiany lokalizacji lub pozycji 2. (zwykle intr) w celu zmiany (mieszkania, miejsca prowadzenia działalności itp.) 3. być lub spowodować poruszenie 4. (Inżynieria ogólna) ) (intr) (maszyn, itp.) do pracy lub obsługi 5. (tr) do spowodowania (zrobienia czegoś) podpowiedzi 6. (intr), aby zacząć działać: przenieść się wkrótce lub dobrze stracić zamówienie. 7. (Socjologia) (intr) do kojarzenia się z określonym kręgiem społecznym: poruszać się w wywyższonych sferach. 8. (intr) robić postępy 9. (tr) wzbudzać sympatię, litość lub współczucie w dotyku 10. (Gry, inne niż określone) (w grach planszowych) w celu zmiany pozycji (części) lub ( część), aby zmienić pozycję 11. (Handel) (intr) (towaru), który ma być zutylizowany poprzez zakup 12. (procedura parlamentarna) (kiedy: tr, często przyjmuje klauzulę jako przedmiot, gdy intr, często za) do zasugerować (propozycję) formalnie, jak w przypadku debaty lub procedury parlamentarnej 13. (zwykle podążając za lub wzdłuż), aby odejść lub do innego miejsca pozostawić 14. (Fizjologia), aby spowodować (jelita) ewakuację lub (z jelit ) do ewakuacji 15. (intr) nieformalny, aby być ekscytującym lub aktywnym: partia zaczęła się o dwunastej. 16. poruszajcie niebo i ziemię, aby zrobić wszystko, co możliwe (aby coś osiągnąć) 17. akt ruchu ruchomego 18. jedna z sekwencji działań, zwykle część manewru planu 19. akt przeniesienia siedziby, miejsce prowadzenia działalności , itp. 20. (Gry, inne niż określone) (w grach planszowych) a. gracze obracają się, aby poruszyć jego kawałek lub podjąć inną dopuszczalną akcję b. dozwolony manewr utworu 21. uzyskać ruch nieformalny. na początek 22. Wykonaj ruch (zwykle użyty z negatywem) nieformalny, aby podjąć choćby najmniejszą akcję: nie rób ruchu bez dzwonienia do mnie. 23. zmuszajcie się do angażowania się w stanowisko lub sposób działania. podróżowanie z miejsca na miejsce. postępujący sukces c. bardzo aktywny zajęty 3. (rys.) (krok, akcja) rządy pierwszy ruch x2192 la primera gestin del gobierno co dalej Następny ruch x2192 qu hacemos ahora. y ahora qu to był zły ruch x2192 fue una mala decisin był ruch, aby pokonać propozycję x2192 se tomaron medidas para rechazar la propuesta, aby wykonać ruch pierwszy ruch x2192 dar unel elementarz paso jego do niego, aby wykonać pierwszy ruch x2192 le toca al dar el primer paso bez najmniejszego przejścia do INFIN x2192 grzechu hacer la menor intencin de infin 3. (zmiana czasu), aby przejść do kolejnej fazy zdarzenia wstecznego, data x2192 adelantar aplazar algo również musi przenieść spotkanie na później w tydzień x2192 tendremos que aplazar la reunin para otro da de la semana 4. (rys.) (kołysanie) on nie będzie łatwo przenoszony x2192 nie se dejar convencer nie będziemy przenoszeni x2192 no nos movern części ciała x2192 bewegen (take away) ramię x2192 wegnehmen one foot, hand x2192 wegziehen można przesunąć głowę trochę na bok x2192 knnen Sie vielleicht Ihren Kopf ein wenig zur Seite drehen. przesunął swoją twarz trochę bliżej x2192 er ging mit dem Gesicht etwas nher heran oderwij nogi od stołu x2192 nimm deine Fe vom Tisch. poruszaj się, nie możesz (zrobić miejsca) x2192 knnen Sie nicht mal etwas Platz machen. zmień lokalizację biur, żołnierzy, produkcja x2192 verlegen (Comput) blok tekstu x2192 verschieben usuwanie mężczyźni przenoszą nas w piątek x2192 die Spediteure machen am Freitag unseren Umzug zostaliśmy przeniesieni do nowego biura x2192 wir mussten w ein anderes Bro umziehen to move dom (Brit) x2192 umziehen przenieść biuro x2192 (w ein anderes Bro) umziehen zaproponować formularz x2192 beantragen przeniosła poprawkę do ruchu x2192 sie stellte einen Abnderungsantrag I przenieść, że możemy przestawić x2192 ich beantrage eine Vertagung Med, aby przenieść lub te jelit x2192 Stuhlgang haben ta mikstura pomoże przesunąć wnętrzności x2192 dieses Mittel regt die Verdauung an lub ist verdauungsfrdernd move house x2192 umziehen my przenieśliśmy się do Londonto większy dom x2192 wir sind nach Londyn w ein greres Haus umgezogen przenieśli się do Niemiec x2192 sie sind nach Deutschland gezogen przenieśli się z Londynu x2192 sie sind von London weggezogen zmień miejsce x2192 gehen (w pojeździe) x2192 fahren ma przeniósł się do pokoju 52 x2192 er ist jetzt w Zimmer 52 ona przeniosła się do innego departamentu innej firmy x2192 sie kapelusz umrzeć Abteilung Firma gewechselt on kiedyś siedział tutaj, czy przeniósł się x2192 das wojen doch sein Platz. sitzt er nicht mehr da on przeniósł się do Browns x2192 er ist zu Brown gegangen lub gewechselt mają wojska przeniesione x2192 sind die Truppen abgezogen. żołnierze przenieśli się do innej bazy x2192 die Truppen zogen zu einem anderen Sttzpunkt weiter move x2192 weitergehen (odchodź) x2192 verschwinden Sie dont move x2192 gehen Sie nicht weg Nie będę się ruszał stąd x2192 ich rhre mich nich nich von Stelle jego czas byliśmy w ruchu lub przenieśliśmy x2192 es wird Zeit, dass wir gehen change, progress to move (away) z czegoś x2192 sich von etw entfernen aby przenieść (bliżej) do (wards) coś x2192 sich einer Sache (dat) x2192 nhern którym droga to wydarzenia w ruchu x2192 in welche Richtung entwickeln sich die Dinge. rzeczy idą w końcu x2192 endlich kommen die Dinge in Gang. endlich geschieht etwas technologia porusza się w coraz szybszym tempie x2192 die Technik macht immer raschere Fortschritte poruszać się z czasem x2192 mit der Zeit gehen pozwala przenieść się na inny temat x2192 wechseln wir das Thema akt fig x2192 etwas unternehmen. Manahmen ergreifen oni muszą ruszyć najpierw x2192 sie mssen den ersten Schritt tun dobrze muszą ruszać się szybko (aby tego uniknąć) x2192 wir mssen schnell handeln (, um dies zu vermeiden) rząd nie ruszy się aż x2192 die Regierung wird nichts unternehmen. bis policji, żołnierzy, dodatkowy sztab x2192 einsetzen (x2192 - to w dat) (marchdrive w) x2192 einrcken lassen (x2192 - to acc) (wziąć w środku) bagaż itp x2192 hineinstellen (x2192 - to acc) samochód x2192 hineinfahren (x2192 - to w acc) rada nie przeniosła nas (do domu) jeszcze x2192 die Stadt hat uns noch nicht im Haus untergebracht kiedy firma przeprowadzkowa (Brit) lub firma przeprowadzkowa (USA) przeniesie nasze rzeczy w x2192 wann macht die Spedition Unseren Umzug. ruszyć na vt sep policjant przeniósł je na x2192 der Polizista forderte sie auf weerzuchenhen weiterzufahren przeniósł dyskusję do następnego punktu x2192 er leitete die Dyskusja zum nchsten Punkt ber vi (ludzie) x2192 weitergehen (pojazdy) x2192 weiterfahren jej o czasie I ruszyło dalej (rys. do nowej pracy itp.) x2192 es wird Zeit, dass ich (mal) etwas anderes mache, aby przejść do wyższych rzeczy x2192 sich Hherem zuwenden, aby przejść do bardziej odpowiedzialnej pracy x2192 zu einem verantwortungsvolleren Posten aufsteigen przenieśli do omówienia przyszłości firmy x2192 als Nchstes besprachen sie die Zukunft der Firma przenosi się do następnego punktu x2192 gehen wir zum nchsten Punkt czas berka porusza się na x2192 die Zeit vergeht wyprowadzka vt sep samochód x2192 herausfahren (of aus) musieliśmy przenieść meble na zewnątrz x2192 wir mussten die Mbel hinausrumen lub - stellen przenieść stół z rogu x2192 stellen lub rcken Sie den Tisch von der Ecke weg, wyprowadziła go spod łóżko x2192 sie zog es unter dem Bett (her) vor (wycofanie) żołnierzy x2192 abziehen są przenoszeni (z ich domu) x2192 sie mssen (aus ihrem Haus) ausziehen zostali wyprowadzeni za niepłacenie czynszu x2192 wegen Nichtzahlung der Miete wurden sie gezwungen. Wohnung zu żwawy przenieśli wszystkich z niebezpiecznej strefy x2192 alle mussten die Gefahrenzone verlassen lub żwaczu demolka ludzie przenoszą nas jutro x2192 die Spediteure machen morgen unseren Umzug (zostaw kwaterę) x2192 ausziehen (wycofaj wojska) x2192 abziehen się ruszyć poza obszarem x2192 ein Gebiet przesuwać żwawo nad vt sep x2192 herberschieben przesunąć swoje dno nad (inf) x2192 rck lub rutsch mal ein Stck zur Seite (inf) przeniósł samochód na stronę x2192 er fuhr an die Seite heran vi x2192 zur Seite rcken lub rutschen move, wszyscy chcemy usiąść x2192 rck lub rutsch mal ein Stck. wir wollen uns auch hinsetzen (inf) przenieść na swoją stronę łóżka x2192 noga dich w deine Hlfte des Betts przeniósł się na swoją własną stronę łóżka x2192 er rckte herber w niewoli Betthlfte przejść do nowego systemu x2192 ein neues System einfhren, jeśli nie może wykonać pracy, powinien przejść i pozwolić komuś innemu zrobić to x2192, w przeciwnym razie umrze, a następnie utnie (poruszy) x2192 auf - lub weiterrcken move do autobusu x2192 rcken Sie auf lub weiter 1. do (spowodować) zmienić pozycję lub przejść z jednego miejsca do drugiego. Poruszył ramieniem Nie ruszaj się Proszę przesuń swój samochód. beweeg mudar pohnout, hbat (fort-) bewegen bevge flytte. mover liikuma, liigutama liikuttaa bouger, micati (meg) mozgat, (meg) mozdt mozog, (meg) mozdul menggerakkan hreyfa fra muovere. muoversi. spostare judinti, judti kustint kustties alihkan bewegen. verplaatsen bevegeflytte (seg) rusza mudar a (se) mika pohn (sa), hba (sa) premakniti (se) pomeriti rra p, flytta p hareket et (tir) mek () () di chuyn 2. zmienić dom. Przeprowadzali się w sobotę. verhuis mudar sthovat se umziehen flytte trasladar kolima muuttaa dmnager, seliti kltzkdik pindah flytja traslocare kraustytis prcelity (uz citu dzves vietu) berpindah verhuizen flytte oper siar mudah sahova sa (pre) seliti se seliti se flytta tanmak chuyn nh 3. wpływać na uczucia lub emocje. Byłem głęboko poruszony filmem. ontroer comover-se dojmout ergreifen bevge conmover liigutama liikuttaa mouvoir biti ganut megindt, meghat mempengaruhi perasaan hrra, sinterta commuovere (su) jaudinti aizkustint mempengaruhi perasaan bewegen bevege. rre. gripe wzrusza comover-se a emoiona doja ganiti dirnuti gra rrd, gripa () duygulandrmak xc ng 1. (w grach planszowych) akt przeniesienia utworu. Możesz wygrać tę grę w trzech ruchach. skuif jogada tah der Zug trk jugada. turno kik siirto coup. potez Lps Langkah dalam permainan frsla, leikur mossa,, jimas gjiens gerakan zet trekk. tur ruch. posunicie jogada micare ah poteza potez ham. hareket () (nh c) nc 2. akt zmiany domów. Jak się posunął twój ruch, aby zabłysnąć mudana sthovn der Umzug flytning mudanza. traslado kolimine muutto dmnagement selidba kltzkds pindahan flutningur trasloco kraustymasis prcelans (uz citu dzves vietu) perpindahan verhuizing flytting przeprowadzka mudana mutare sahovanie selitev selidba flytt tanma chuyn, x dch movable. ruchomy przymiotnik skuifbaar mutvel pohybliv beweglich flytbar movible. mvil liikuv, liigutatav liikutettava mobile, pomian mozg (athat) bisa digerakkan hreyfanlegur, franlegur movibile. mobilne kilnojamy (is) prvietojams kustams boleh dipindahkan beweegbaar bevegelig. som kan flyttes ruchomy mutvel mobil, mictor, pohybliv premien pokretljiv rrlig, flyttbar tanabilir. oynak 1. (akt) zmiany pozycji lub przejścia z jednego punktu do drugiego. Zwierzę odwróciło się bokiem z szybkim ruchem. beweging movimento pohyb um Bewegung bevgelse movimiento liikumine liike mouvement pokret mozgs mozdulat gerakan hreyfing movimento judjimas, judesys, mostas kustba pergerakan beweging bevegelse poruszenie movimento micare pohyb premik pokret rrelse hareket. kmldama s chuyn ng 2. działalność. W tej grze jest dużo dyskusji, ale niewiele ruchu. aks, ontwikkeling movimento pohyb das Handeln bevgelse movimiento tegevus toiminta mouvement, ivahnost lendlet, cselekmny kegiatan hreyfing, tilfrsla movimento veiksmas, veikla darbba aktiviti actie liv. fart ruch movimento activitate, aciune pohyb gibanje aktivnost rrelse, liv hareket. faaliyet hot ng 3. sztuka poruszania się z wdziękiem lub wyraziście. Uczy ruchu i dramatu. beweging movimento pohybov kultura die Bewegung bevgelse expresin corporal plastika liikkuminen wyrażenie corporelle - pokret mozgsmvszet seni gerak hreyfing larte di muoversi, scenis Judisys kustba kustbu kultra seni gerak bewegingsstijl bevegelsesforming ruch sceniczny movimentao gestic expresivitate kapral pohybov kultra gib pokret rrelse hareket c ng. 4. organizacja lub stowarzyszenie. ruch zwiadowczy. beweging movimento hnut die Bewegung bevgelse: - bevgelse movimiento liikumine liike mouvement pokret mozgalom gerakan hreyfing movimento, judjimas, sjdis kustba gerakan beweging bevegelse. rrsle ruch movimento organizaie, asociaie hnutie gibanje pokret rrelse hareket. akm () phong tro, cuc vn ng 5. ruchome części zegarka, zegara itp. beweegdele movimento chod, krok das Gehwerk bevgelig del movimiento (kella) mehhanizm koneisto mouvement kotai szerkezet bagian yang bergerak gangverk meccanismo (), mechanizmas mehnisms bahagian yang bergerak mechaniek gangverk. bevegelige deler mechanizm movimento mekanizm chod premini delikatesy kazaljke mekanizm mekanizma. hareketli paralar kim ng h. ) 6. fragment wielkoformatowego utworu muzycznego. trzecia część Beethovens V Symfonia. beweging movimento vta der Satz sats movimiento osa osa mouvement stavak ttel (zenem) bagian ttur movimento dalis (kompozcijas) daa bahagian deel sats cz movimento parte veta stavek stav sats blm (m nhc) phn 7. ogólna tendencja do nawyku, punkt zobacz itp. W dzisiejszych czasach ruch w kierunku prostych wzorów w odzieży. tendencja ruchów sklon, trend die Entwicklung bevgelse. movimiento. tendencia suundumus suunta mouvement razvoj elmozduls (vmi fel) kecenderungan tilhneiging tendenza, polinkis, tendencija tieksme, tendence kecenderungan ontwikkeling tendens trend movimento micare tendencia tenja kretanje utveckling meyil xu hng chung 1. film kinowy. horror. film film film der film film film film film film film film film film film film kinik film film film film filmik film filmik kinofilma tayangan filem film filme film filme film film film film b film 2. film (film, film) ogólnie: iść do kina. fliek kino kino das Kino biograf kino kino elokuva cinma kino mozi bioskop b, kvikmyndir kino kinas kino bioskop kino kino kino kino kino kino bioskop bio, biograf, film sinema () phim mający wpływ na emocje itp. bardzo poruszająca mowa. ontroerende, roerende comovente dojemn bewgende conmovedor liigutav liikuttava mouvant ganutljiv, dirljiv meghat mengharukan hrifamikill, hjartnmur commovente jaudinantis aizkustinos mengharukan ontroerend rrende. gripende wzruszajcy comovente emoionant dojemn ganljiv dirljiv rrande, gripande ackl. dokunakl, cm ng, thng tm roerend comoventemente dojemn bewgende de una manera conmovedora liigkuvalt liikkuvasti dune manire mouvante dirljivo meghatan secara mengharukan hjartnman htt w maniera commovente jaudinamai aizkustinoi mengharukan ontroerend rrende. gripende wzruszajco comoventemente (ntr-un mod) emoionant dojemne ganljivo dirljivo p ett rrande stt ackl ekilde mt cch thng tm pośpieszyć lub poruszać się szybko. Daj się porwać, albo spóźnisz się na rouge despachar-se seguinten Zahn zulegen ftu fart pät pätse prise kiiresti tegema pid kiiret se remuer, pouri mozgs bergegas koma sr af sta drfa sig sbrigarsi. darsi una mossa (pa) skubti, pasiskubinti pasteigties bergegas opschieten komme i gang. komme av stedszy si despachar-se a se grbi vihn si podvizati se pouriti raska (skynda) p, sno sig () acele etmek di chuyn 1. poruszać się w ogóle. Jeśli wykonasz ruch, Ill strzelę ci beereg Fazer um movimento hnout se sich rhren gre i bevgelse hacer un gesto, moverse liigukama liikkua faire un geste, pokreni se megmoccan bergerak hreyfa sig fare una mossa pajudti pakustties bergerak zich verroeren rre (p) seg rusza si fazer um movimento a twarz o micare pohn sa premakniti se mrdnuti rra sig kmldamak nhc nhch 2. (z lub do) poruszać się (w kierunku). Wykonał ruch do drzwi. zacząć, beweging dirigir-se a posunout se (k) sich bewegen (w Richtung) tage et skridt dirigirse suunduma liikkua esquisser un mouvement (vers) krenuti prema elindul berjalan fra sig ttina a dirigersi. pasukti doties (uz) bergerak een stap doen naar bevege seg rusza dirigir-se a a porni var pohn sa (k) pomakniti se krenuti rra (rra) sig mot gitmeye kalkmak. di chuyn v pha. poruszać się, nie przebywać w jednym miejscu. Policja kazała tłumowi ruszyć dalej. verbystap circular rozejt se weitergehen. - bewegen g videre okrągły edasi liikuma pysy liikkeess circuler kretati se tovbbhalad terus berjalan halda fram circolare nestoviniuoti virzties uz prieku terus bergerak doorlopen g viderelenger invers rusza circular a circula rozsądzać premakniti se naprej produiti g vidare, fortstta g ilerlemek ang di chuyn move heaven and Ziemia, aby zrobić wszystko, co tylko możliwe. obcinanie i przewijanie mexera i wyrównywanie powierzchni Przesuwanie i przesuwanie w obcinaniu i przesuwanie obcinania i usuwania, usuwanie cielo i tierra, kiki, rattaid, kima, obcinanie i usuwanie, obcinanie i przesuwanie, umagnesowanie, megmozgat, posuwanie się, segala-galanya, gera, allt, sem. mgulegt er (til a) muovere cielo e terra, muoveresmuovere mari e monti visk imginti izdart visu iespjamo melakukan segala-galanya hemel en aarde bewegen flytte berg. gyre alt som mulig poruszy niebo i ziemi mexer cus e terra a face tot este omenete posibil urobi vetko vse poskusiti pomeriti nebo i zemlju rra upp himmel och jord, gra sitt ittersta yaplabilecek hereyi yapmak, jej areye bavurmak xoay x cch to change ones dom lub miejsce zamieszkania. Przeprowadzają się w przyszłym tygodniu. verhuis mudar de casa pesthovat se umziehen flytte mudarse de casa, trasladarse kolima muuttaa dmnager seliti se kltzkdik pindah rumah flytjast bferlum traslocare kraustytis prcelties (uz citu dzves vietu) pindah rumah verhuizen flytte stress si mudar de casa ai schimba locuina presahova sa (pre) seliti se preseliti se flytta tanmak. ev tamak chuyn ch, aby wejść i zająć dom itp. Możemy wprowadzić się w sobotę. intrek mudar nasthovat se einziehen flytte ind instalarse sisse kolima muuttaa asuntoon emmnager useliti se bekltzik menempati flytja inn (andare a stare in una nuova casa) atsikelti, atsikraustyti ievkties menempati betrekken flytte innendo si mudar a se muta nasahova sa vseliti se useliti se flytta in tanmak chuyn vo nh (pojazdów itp.), aby rozpocząć podróż. Autobus ruszył, kiedy dotarłem na przystanek autobusowy. vertrek ir embora vzdalovat se, odejt sich in Bewegung setzen stte igang arrancar. marcharse liikuma hakkama lhte liikkeelle dmarrer. w ogóle, udaljiti se elindul mulai bergerak leggja af sta, fara burt muoversi. partire pajudti (par transporta ldzekli) atiet, skt braukt memulakan perjalanan wegrijden begynne kjre. dra odjeda pr-se em iamento a demara, a vlgsna sig hareket etmek, ayrlmak ra i, i xa opuścić, przestać żyć, dom itp. Musi się wyprowadzić, zanim pojawią się nowi właściciele. uittrek, verhuis sair odsthovat se ausziehen flytte ud. irse. marcharse vlja kolima muuttaa pois dmnager iseliti se kikltzik pergi, pindah flytja t. traslocare isikraustyti, isikelti izvkties keluar rumah vertrekken flytte ut wyprowadza si sair a se muta odsahova sa izseliti se iseliti se flytta ut kmak. evden tanp ayrlmak dn nh i poruszać się w dowolnym kierunku, aby uzyskać więcej miejsca. Podnieś się i pozwól mi usiąść, proszę. skuif op afastar-se zvednout se sich von der Stelle bewegen flytte sig correrse edasi nihkuma si se pousser pomaknuti se feljebb, sszbb stb. hzdik bergeser fra sig fare posto () pasitraukti pavirzties beralih opschuiven rykke sammen przesunąć si afastar-se a la se parte zdvihn sa premakniti, odmakniti se pomeriti se maka ihop sig ilerlemek tin ln 1. przemieszczanie się z miejsca na miejsce. Z jego pracą, on jest zawsze w ruchu. Operacja op, op reis em mudana v pohybu unterwegs p farten, viajar. desplazarse liikvel liikkeell en marche u pokretu ton van berpindah-pindah fer faraldsfti in movimento kelionje kustb darbb berpindah-randah op pad p farten w ruchu em mudana pe drum (uri) v pohybe na poti u pokretu i rrelse, p rrlig fot hareket hlinde di chuyn t ni ny n ni khc 2. posuwanie się naprzód. Granice wiedzy naukowej są zawsze w ruchu. aan die beweeg em avano v pohybu in Bewegung i bevgelse en progreso edasi liikumas edistymss en marche napredovati mozgsban van maju framrun in movimento besipltojantis kustb progres maju w beweging som gjr framskritt. i bevegelse framover. p amm movimiento paso your fingers Mueva, mueve los dedos Moderne Broker-Portale bieten einem Inwestor die Mglichkeit, Kurse seiner Aktien bzw. Opcja abzurufen. Dort findet er in der Regel auch Kurs-Charts und Chart-Analyze-Kurven zu den unterschiedlichsten Zeitrumen. Dem ein oder anderen privaten Inwestor sind diese Analysen vielleicht nicht ausreichend genug. W tym celu należy zapoznać się z treścią niniejszego podręcznika. Nur wie gelangt ein Programmerer a die aktuellen und historischen Zahlen einzelner Aktienkurse Dieser Beitrag soll die Mglichkeiten der YahooFinance-Schnittstelle nher bringen. Fr das Ermitteln unterschiedlicher Kursdaten bietet YahooFinance (auch fr Deutschland) verschiedene CSV-Export-Services an. CSV steht fr Wartości oddzielone przecinkami i bedeutet hier nichts anderes, als dass die ganzen Kennzahlen (wie z. B. Schluss-Kurs oder Volumen) in reiner Textform mit Kommas und Zeilenumbrchen getrennt ausgeliefert werden. Daten in solch einem Format kann ein Computerprogramm fr Analysezwecke leicht verarbeiten. Im Folgenden werden die bekannten Schnittstellen genauer erlutert und dazu passende Beispiele und PHP-Scripte prsentiert. Da mir keine offizielle API von YahooFinance bekannt ist und ich die hier beschriebene Schnittstelle durch Ausprobieren und Studium ermittelt habe, kann ich fr eine Vollstndigkeit des aufgezeigten Funktionsumfanges nicht garantieren. Fr Hinweise bin ich daher sehr dankbar. Verwendet ein Entwickler die Usługi od YahooFinance, więc sollte er sich vorher die Nutzungsbedingungen (siehe auch) genau durchlesen. Aktuelle Kursdaten ermitteln Ganz ehrlich, aktuell bedeutet bei der kostenlosen YahooFinance-Schnittstelle leider eine Verzgerung von 15 Minuten fr NASDAQ Werte, bis hin zu 60 Minuten fr andere Brsenpltze (nheres auf YahooFinance). Doch fr die meisten Verwendungszwecken bzw. westlichen Brsenkurse drfte diese Verzgerung kein Problem darstellen. Yahoo bietet Kurse aus den unterschiedlichsten Brsenpltzen an. Wyróżnij reklamę handlową, znajdź ją w adresie URL, sowie w formacie Anhang (Suffix) an der Symbolangabe statt. Im Kapitel Lnderunterschiede werden die Unterschiede aufgelistet. Zum besseren Verstndnis zeige ich hier nur die Basis-URL, welche vor allem fr die US-Brsenkurse gltig ist. Das Ergebnis ist eine Werteliste, die durch Kommas getrennt prsentiert wird. Die Serviceadressen fr aktuelle Kursinformationen lautet finance. yahoodquotes. csv (alternativ download. finance. yahoodquotes. csv) und nimmt die folgenden drei bekannten Parametr entgegen: Das Symbol des Wertpapiers wird mit Parameter angegeben. Z. B. liefert hier sAAPL die aktuellen Kursdaten von Apple Inc. Eine Kombination mehrere durch ein Pluszeichen getrennte Symbole ist ebenfalls mglich (zum Beispiel sAAPLMSFT fr Apple i Microsoft). Die Werte, getrennt durch Kommas, kommen dann jeweils in eine separaten Zeile pro Symbol zurck. Kod formatu matrycy werden hier mit dem Parametr f angegeben. Dabei handelt es sich hier Um einen Textzug mit lauter aneinandergereihten Krzel. Więc gibt z. B. das Zeichen s an, dass das Symbol der Aktie ausgegeben werden soll. n liefert den Namen, a den aktuellen Anfrage-Kurs. Wygaśnij wcześniejszą próbę w Reihenfolge ausgegeben, wie sie hier angefordert werden. Eine Liste aller bekannten Format-Codes wird weiter unten um Kody formatu Kapitan Format aufgelistet. Beispiel: fsna Die Exportart wird mit dem Parametameter e angegeben. Hier sollte immer e. csv fr ein Wartości oddzielone przecinkami Ergebnis bermittelt werden. Erfahrungen haben gezeigt, dass dieser Parametr wohl optional ist. Das folgende Beispiel ermittelt von Apple i Microsoft das Symbol, den Firmen-Namen, den aktuellen Anfrage-Kurs und die dazu gehrige Zeit ab. Dabei sind Zeit und Kurswert immer lnderspezifisch zu verstehen (US-Zeit und Dollar). Wenn Sie diese URL in den Przeglądarka eingeben, knnen Sie das Ergebnis abspeichern. Danach knnen Sie die Rohdaten in einem Texteditor ffnen und betrachten (nicht mit Excel ffnen, da hier die Formatierung nicht ersichtlich wird). Ein Programm kann nun diese Daten in einem mehrdimensionalen Array ablegen. Dabei enthalten die Spalten die Inhalte der Werte, welche durch Format-Codes angefordert wurden. Die Zeilen bilden jeweils das Zahlentupel eines Wertpapiers ab. Eine PHP-Funktion zur Ermittlung der Kursdaten knnte somit folgendermaen aussehen: Sie knnen nicht nur einzelne Aktienkurse erfragen, sondern auch Devisenkurse. Dazu mssen Sie and der oben vorgestellten Adres als Symbol-Parametr ein spezielles Konstrukt der Form ABX bermitteln. Hier steht der Buchstabe A fr die erste zu vergleichende Whrung und der Buchstabe B dann natrlich fr die zweite Whrung. X steht wohl fr Exchange und wird nicht ersetzt. Wollen Sie mehrere Whrungen abfragen, knnen mehrere Konstrukte mittels dem Pluszeichen aneinander gehngt werden. Folgendes Beispiel soles dies verdeutlichen: Die Krzel der Whrungen bestehen aus drei Buchstaben und werden hier aufgelistet: Hhere Indexwerte fhren nur noch zu einer Wiederholung der Inhalte. Vermutlich sollen die Codes zweistellig sein (Buchstabe Zahl). Zafałszuj Zahl weg, więc zamień automat na Index 0 angenommen. Daytrading-Daten Leider bietet YahooFinance nur die letzten 100 Tages-Kurswerte zum Ermittlungszeitpunkt an. Auch hier wirkt die Verzgerung von 15-60 Minuten, wie im Abschnitt Aktuelle Kursdaten beschrieben. Die Serviceadresse fr die Datatrading-Daten lautet logtrade. finance. vip. ukl. yahoolastTrades und nimmt folgende drei bekannte Parametr entgegen: Das Symbol des Wertpapiers wird mit Parameter angegeben. Z. B. liefert hier sAAPL die letzten 100 Daytrading-Daten von Apple Inc. Der Sinn dieses Parameters ist leider noch nicht bekannt. Fr weitere Hinweise bin ich sehr dankbar. Auch hier ist mir der Sinn des Parameters noch nicht bekannt. Das Ergebnis einer solchen Abfrage liefert eine Liste mit Wertegruppen eine Gruppe fr jeden Trade. Ein solches Tupel enthlt den Trading-Zeitpunkt, den Kurswert und die Volumina des Trades. Historische Kursdaten Fr ein Wertpapier stehen bei Yahoo ebenfalls historische Daten zur Verfgung. Die Service-URL hierfr lautet ichart. finance. yahootable. csv (alternativ: real-chart. finance. yahootable. csv ) und besitzt Parameter fr das Symbol, sowie fr das Zeitintervall, innerhalb ein Entwickler die tglichen bzw. wchentlichen Kursdaten ermitteln will: Verschiebung um eine angegebene Anzahl an TagenWochenMonaten. Macht eigentlich keinen Sinn, da oben bereits ein Intervall angegeben wurde. Trotzdem unterscheiden sich z. B. die Volumen-Werte eines Monats (gm), wenn hier eine Verschiebung Ygt0 angegeben wird. Fr weitere Hinweise bin ich hier dankbar Das Ergebnis besteht aus einer Liste tglicher, wchentlicher oder monatlicher Werte zu dem bermittelten Zeitraum. Die erste Zeile enthlt die berschrift der einzelnen Spaltenwerte. In allen weiteren Zeilen liefert YahooFinance danach das Datum, den Erffnungskurs, den hchsten und tiefsten Kurswert, sowie den Tagesschlusskurs und das Handelsvolumen fr jeden einzelnen Tag. Da diese Werte gegenber Splits und Dividenden unbereinigt sind, liefert Yahoo in der letzten Spalte Adj. Close noch bereinigte Schlusskurse. Ein bisschen anders sieht das Ergebnis aus, wenn als Chart-Abstufung der Wert v fr die Dividendenausschttungen angegeben wird. Dann werden nur noch zwei Spalten mit einem Datum sowie dem Wert selbst zurckgeliefert. Hier noch zwei Beispiele mit den ersten paar Zeilen der Ergebnisse: Fr die programmatische Auswertung dieser Daten bietet sich auch hier das Array als Ergebnistrger an. In jeder Zeile knnen so die Werte eines Tages (bzw. einer Woche, eines Monats oder der Dividenden) abgelegt werden. Folgende PHP-Funktion soll dies verdeutlichen: Lnderunterschiede An der Brse werden nicht nur Aktien in unterschiedlichen Whrungen gehandelt, sondern auch Nebenwerte wie beispielsweise Optionsscheine. Der Handel solcher Wertpapiere ist meist auf ein Land bzw. Brsenplatz beschrnkt. Aus diesem Grund bietet YashooFinance auch unterschiedliche Serviceadressen an. In diesem Artikel wurden bisher nur die Adressen fr US-Brsendaten aufgezeigt. So kann unter der URL finance. yahoodquotes. csv der aktuelle Kurs einer Aktie in US-Dollars ermittelt werden. Wollen Sie hingegen einen Kurs aus dem deutschen Raum ermitteln, steht Ihnen die URL de. finance. yahoodquotes. csv zur Verfgung. Die folgende Tabelle zeigt die Adressen (URL) zum YahooFinance-Service fr aktuelle Brsenkurse. In der ersten Spalte werden auch die Symbol-Suffixe aufgelistet, welche fr eine aktive Brsenplatz-Wahl an die Symbolangabe gehngt werden knnen (z. B. AAPL. DE fr den XETRA-Kurs des Apple-Aktie). Ein Besuch auf die Webseite von Yahoo Finance hilft hier bei der Auswahl der richtigen Symbolbezeichnung. Land amp Suffix Sven August 31, 2009 Wie frage ich denn die aktuelle Kupferpreise nach Bzw. was ist das Symbol ibuddy August 31, 2009 Hallo Matthias Brusdeylins ich mchte mich sehr bei dir bedanken, du hast hier eine sehr schne sammlung zusammengetragen und das hilft mir ungemein Vielleicht htte man etwas spezieller auf das fr Indizes eingehen knnen. Z. B. liefert de. old. finance. yahoodquotes. csvs TECDAXampfsnampe. csv die SymboleNamen des TecDAX und man knnte leicht seine Datenbank automatisch fllen. aber nur am Rande. Weit du vielleicht, wo man eine Liste aller dotierten Aktien als CSV mit symbolname herbekommt Dann knnte man sich die Sucherei bei Yahoo sparen Ich ziehe mein Hut, sehr schn Hab vielen Dank Viele Gre, ibuddy Alexx September 1, 2009 Sehr interessanter Artikel, Danke Worber ich mir schon lange den Kopf zerbreche: Wie kann ich anhand der Parameter und der zurckgelieferten Werten erruieren, ob die Brse noch offen ist, an der die Aktie gehandelt wird Sprich, ob der Abruf der Kurse bereits nach Close geschieht. Hintergrund ist, ich weiss leider nicht alle ffnungszeiten aller Brsen auswendig Tausend Dank. Me. MyBase Oktober 2, 2009 Hallo, gibt es diese DAX-bersicht auch fr andere Indices Also fr MDAX, SDAX und TechDax oder sogar fr die internationalen Indices Me. MyBase Oktober 2, 2009 oh, hat sich erledigt. Refresh hilft manchmal chris November 13, 2009 Hi, Bei den Devisen werden keine absolute und prozentuale nderungen angezeigt, hab schon verschiedene Sachen ausprobiert. Weis jemand weiter download. finance. yahoodquotes. csvsEURUSDXampflampfc bartmann61 Dezember 8, 2009 Hallo Matthias, sehr schne Zusammenstellung besten Dank. Alexx Die Handelszeiten und vor allem Handelstage sollte man im voraus wissen. Ich hatte mal einen chinesischen Feiertag bersehen das gab richtig rger. Die Infos bekommt man am besten ber die Websites der jeweiligen Banken. Eine sehr gute Zusammenstellung wichtiger Brsen findet sich auf six-swiss-exchangetradinginformationcalendar2009gridde. html Die Handelszeiten fr z. B. SIX Zrich findest Du auf six-swiss-exchangetradinginformationtradeonorderbooktradinghoursorderde. html hnliche Infos gibt es fr alle anderen Brsen auf deren Sites. Godot Dezember 22, 2009 Schne Seite y2, v2, q2, l7, l9, l1 scheinen den aktuellen Kurs von Fonds auszugeben. Danke, Godot Sehr gute Aufstellen, jetzt allerdings meine Frage: Bekomme ich auch irgendwie ber die API die Bilanzdaten Die werden auch auf der Seite von Yahoo dargestellt. Mario Weiterentwickler Januar 22, 2017 Hallo an Euch, die Seite ist sehr schn zusammen gestellt, Kompliment Ich suche allerdings noch ganz verzweifelt nach einer Mglichkeit, Fondkusrs abzufragen. Irgendwie solls gehen (siehe Godot), aber wie genau Z. B. interessiert mich der Berenberg Globalway (ISIN: LU0123053893, WKZ: 603545). Wie frage ich das ab Kann jmand weiter helfen Viele Gre, F. Fondsabfrage scheint mit der normalen abfrage zu funktionieren, wenn man die Brse voll qualifiziert, an der gehandelt wird: de. finance. yahoods618486.SG Vondor Juli 12, 2017 Immer wieder schn wenn sich jemand fr solche tollen Anleitungen Zeit nimmt. Ich hoffe irgendwann selber meinen Beitrag leisten zu knnen. Max August 17, 2017 Danke fr diesen Beitrag, er hat mir schon sehr weitergeholfen fn gibt den Namen aus und fs das Zeichen, gibt es denn auch einen Weg um die ISIN auszugeben (wenn ich mir zB. die Tabelle vom TecDAX anschaue) Gru und ein groes Dankeschn Jan Oktober 7, 2017 Hallo, ich schliee mich Mario alias Warren Buffet an, sehr schne Seite, aber gibt es eine Mglichkeit, sich die Bilanzdaten auch anzeigen zu lassen oder kommen die aus irgendwelchen lizenzrechtlichen Grnden von Reuters und drfen nicht runtergeladen werden Gru, J Falls hier jemand eine Lsung hat, wre ich sehr dankbar. Jan Oktober 11, 2017 Es bleibt wohl nur HTML-Parsing brig Max Oktober 27, 2017 ehm mache ich etwas falsch oder ist es nicht mehr mglich, sich den 50 bzw. 200-Tages-Durchschnitt ausgeben zu lassen Beispiel: de. old. finance. yahoodquotes. csvs5ETECDAXampfsl1d1t1c1ohgvm3ampe. csv Wenn ich das old weglasse, bekomm ich zwar einen Durchschnitt die anderen Werte scheinen aber alle nicht mehr korrekt zu sein. Gru Jochen Oktober 28, 2017 Hallo zusammen, wie wrde ich denn den Kurs bzw. die Metallnotierung fr Silber in einer CSV bekommen Wenn ich AG (fr Silber) als Parameter bergebe, bekomme ich den Kurs vom 1.5.2009 aber keinen aktuellen. de. old. finance. yahoodquotes. csvsAGampfsl1d1t1c1ohgvampe. csv Was mache ich falsch Gre Jochen fred November 3, 2017 Kevin R. November 6, 2017 THANKS. Thats all what I need. Mark Dezember 9, 2017 Jochen Ist zwar jetzt ein wenig spt, aber besser spt als nie. Die URL fr Silber ist folgende: de. old. finance. yahoodquotes. csvsSLVampfsnat1ampe. csv Du musst dir auf der Yahoo Seite die. ich nenne sie mal IDs, holen. Hatte es am Anfang auch mit AG fr Silber und AU fr Gold versucht, funktioniert leider so nicht. Gru Rene Juli 8, 2017 Erstmal danke fr den Beitrag.. wie sieht es eigentlich wegen der ISIN aus. griegt man die auch irgendwie raus Michael August 12, 2017 Super Beschreibung Danke. Habe aber auch noch eine Frage: Warum liefert die API keine Werte fr den Dow Jones finance. yahoodquotes. csvs ixicgdaxidjiampfl1np2 Momentan verzweifel ich daran Viele Gre Hi, also die historischen Kursdaten des Dow Jones bekomme ich: ichart. finance. yahootable. csvs DJIampfsnat1 gt Date, Open, High, Low, Close, Volume, Adj Close 2017-08-19,10989.60,11099.26,10749.83,10817.65,5167560000,10817.65 2017-08-18,11406.27,11406.27,10830.59,10990.58,3234810000,10990.58 2017-08-17,11392.01,11550.37,11306.18,11410.21,4388340000,11410.21 die aktuellen Kursdaten sind leider leer: finance. yahoodquotes. csvs DJIampfsnat1 gt Missing Symbols List. Wenn ich bei Yahoo Finance auf folgende Webseite gehe: finance. yahooechartss DJIInteractivesymbolDJIrange1d finde ich unten im grauen Kasten folgenden Hinweis: Quotes are updated automatically, but will be turned off after 25 minutes of inactivity. Vermutung: Hier musst du wohl nach der Handelszeit auf die historischen Daten zugreifen Danke fr die ausfhrliche Dokumentation der Yahoo Finance csv-Downloadlinks. Die URL logtrade. finance. vip. ukl. yahoolastTrades zum Abruf der Daytrading-Daten funktioniert bei mir nicht. Kann es sein, dass Yahoo diesen Abruf abgeschaltet hat Hast du ein funktionierendes Beispiel fr den Abruf der Daytrading-Daten Halo. Wir entwickeln ein App fr Brsendaten. Wo aber bekomme ich die Daten fr Rohstoffe wie Aluminium, Stahl, Kupfer usw her DankeChinas 100 Richest Business People Main companies: East Hope Group and New Hope Group Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: Shenzhen (March 1998) Main industries: animal feed Wealth: 1 billion The four Liu brothers have built the Hope group of companies into one of Chinas largest private businesses. Business operations started in 1982 with the breeding of quails and chickens nine years later they were focusing on animal feed, still the mainstay. The animal - feed business was split into two in 1995, East Hope, run by Liu Yongxing in Shanghai, and New Hope, run by Liu Yonghao in Sichuan. The Liu brothers have diversified into real estate, electronics, banking and insurance. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Euro-Asia Group Company headquarters: Liaoning First listing: Hong Kong (July 2001) Main industries: Shenyang real estate, tourism, flowers Wealth: 900 million Yang moved to the Netherlands in 1988 at 25 after a spell in the Peoples Liberation Army. He ran his own textile business there for seven years before returning to China to start a cut - flower business in Shenyang with 20 million in starting capital. Euro-Asia has invested in high-tech research to enhance the production of orchids, its main product, and other flowers. In Shenyang, Yang has developed an agricultural park called Holland Village and has diversified into tourism and real estate. A Dutch citizen, Yang grew up in China and conducts most of his business there. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Brilliance China Holdings Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: NYSE (August 1992), HK (October 1999), Shanghai (October 1999) Main industries: minibuses, investments Wealth: 840 million One of Chinas earliest international financiers, Yang first came to public attention in 1991 when he invested in a state-owned enterprise making automotives. The following year Yang listed in New York a joint venture (with Shenyang Jinbei Passenger Vehicle Manufacturing) making minibuses. In 1999 the minibus production arm obtained a secondary listing in Hong Kong, and the minibus-distribution business was listed in Shanghai. In 2000, Brilliance had sales of 760 million. Brilliance has invested 500 million in the production of a China-made passenger car. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: CITIC Pacific Company headquarters: Hong Kong First listing: HK (February 1986) Main industries: investments Wealth: 780 million Yungs father, Rong Yiren, topped our list last year with 1.9 billion, based on Larrys share of CITIC Pacific, listed in Hong Kong. We have replaced his name on the list with that of his son, who heads the Hong Kong company. Yung was born and brought up on the mainland, leaving for Hong Kong at 36, where he started an integrated-circuit business, listing it in the U. S. in 1982. Four years later, Yung joined CITIC Pacific, the Hong Kong arm of CITIC, which was run by his father. Yung invested in blue-chip Hong Kong companies, such as Hong Kong Telecom and Cathay Pacific, the airline. A combination of a business downturn and a series of new China issues on the Hong Kong stock exchange in the last year put paid to CITIC Pacifics share price. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Shimao Group Company headquarters: Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing First listing: Shanghai (October 2000) Main industries: Hong Kong, Shanghai Beijing and Fujian real estate Wealth: 700 million Hui began by exporting textiles and then moved into real estate development in the late 1980s. Now one of Chinas biggest real estate magnates, Hui has developed important property sites in Fujian, Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Shimaos biggest project is the 850 million Shimao Riviera Gardens development in Shanghai it will be the tallest residential property in China. Last years values in parentheses. Education: High school Main company: Fuwah International HK Group Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: NA Main industries: real estate Wealth: 650 million A descendant of the Manchus, who ruled China from 1644 to 1911, Chan is the richest woman on our list. She started with a furniture repair business before moving to Hong Kong in 1982 to carry out international trade. Using her profits, Chan returned to the mainland in the late 1980s and built the Changan Club in Beijing. Fuwah is developing a 500 million culture street (a replica of an old-fashioned street) just off Beijings main shopping street. Since childhood, Chan has had a passion for red sandalwood furniture in 1999 she established the China Red Sandalwood Museum with 25 million of her own money. Chan is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Wanxiang Group Company headquarters: Zhejiang First listing: Shenzhen (January 1994) Main industries: auto parts Wealth: 480 million Lu has overseen the transformation of Wanxiang from a small workshop making agricultural equipment that he started in the late 1970s to become Chinas first autoparts group to supply a U. S. car manufacturer General Motors on an original equipment manufacturer basis. Sales last year were 820 million. In August Wanxiang acquired the ailing Nasdaq-listed Universal Automotive Industries for 2.8 million. President Bushs uncle, Prescott, sits on the groups board of advisers. Although the shares of the company (officially called a township and village enterprise) have not yet been allocated to Lu (shares are expected to be allocated to him at a later date), Wanxiang is a private company. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Shaanxi Jinhua Industrial Development Group Company headquarters: Xian, Shaanxi First listing: Shanghai (June 1997) Main industries: pharmaceuticals, real estate Wealth: 480 million Wus grandfather, a local landlord, was killed during the Cultural Revolution of 1966 to 1976, his father was imprisoned and Wu himself had his education interrupted. On leaving the navy in 1984, Wu set up his first business in Hainan producing television sets, then moving into real estate and later pharmaceuticals in Xian, his home town. Jinhuas major product is a protein extracted from animals and used as a primary ingredient for health supplements. Today, pharmaceuticals still contribute most of Jinhuas profits, although it has invested in hotels, a golf course and a retail chain. Wu is proud of having developed his business virtually debt-free. Wu is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Guanghui Enterprise Group Company headquarters: Xinjiang, Urumqi First listing: Shanghai (May 2000) Main industries: real estate, building materials Wealth: 430 million After nine years in the army, including a spell of action in Chinas border war with Vietnam in 1979, Sun set up his own business with 400 in savings. Opening the first seafood restaurant in Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang, he flew in fish from 3,200 kilometers away. He quickly expanded into other leisure facilities. During the 1990-92 oil exploration boom in Xinjiang, Sun turned his hand to oil trading. His company then moved into real estate and has built homes for a quarter of Urumqis 2 million people. Taking advantage of Xinjiangs abundant natural resources, Guanghui opened a stone quarry and has 20,000 employees. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Neptunus Group Company headquarters: Shenzhen, Guangdong First listing: Shenzhen (December 1998) Main industries: pharmaceuticals Wealth: 420 million Zhang left CITIC Beijing to set up his own business in Shenzhen near Hong Kong in 1989, producing a marine organic health product made from oysters. By 1993, Neptunus had invested 29 million in its headquarters, which contain research laboratories. It has since developed other health products and diversified into tourism and real estate. Sales in 2000 were 600 million. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Tongwei Enterprise Group Company headquarters: Chengdu, Sichuan First listing: NA Main industries: aquatic feed Wealth: 320 million The sale of the family pigs in 1983 set Liu on the road to becoming Chinas largest aquatic feed producer. He began by farming fish in the local canal in the city of Meishan in Sichuan province at a time when the region produced very little fish. Now the province farms fish in abundance, mirroring a national trend: annual fish consumption in China has increased from 1 kilogram per head in 1980 to 20 kilograms today. Tongwei has diversified into livestock and poultry feed. Its sales last year were 735 million. Liu is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Seastar Group Company headquarters: Xian, Shaanxi First listing: Shanghai (June 1999) Main industries: Information technology, fruit juice, real estate Wealth: 300 million Known in his home city as Teacher Rong from his time as a lecturer at Xian Jiaotong University, Rong entered business as a distributor for Compaq Computer in 1988 before becoming a manufacturer of discount computers. The group has diversified into prime Xian real estate, fruit juice and a local retail chain and pharmaceuticals. Its sales were 560 million in 2000. Rong is a deputy to the National Peoples Congress. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Interchina Holdings Company headquarters: Hong Kong First listing: Hong Kong (August 2000) Main industries: real estate, investments Wealth: 280 million Moving to Hong Kong in 1989, Zhang started in business by trading wheels. Today his business activities include property development in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing, hotel and restaurant investment as well as trading. Zhang restructured the business last year, using Interchina as his investment vehicle, and purchasing a securities house in March of this year. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Shanghai Xin Gao Chao Group Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: NA Main industries: wood products Wealth: 265 million Tao, a carpenter, set up a furniture workshop in 1979 with 1,000 in savings, upgrading to a factory in 1986. Realizing the cost-saving potential for growing wood rather than importing it, Tao moved to northeastern China for several years, securing his timber at a fraction of the imported price. Xin Gao Chao now owns its own forests in western China. Sales last year amounted to 600 million. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Zhuoda Group Company headquarters: Hebei First listing: NA Main industries: real estate, tourism, education Wealth: 250 million Yang was a journalist before setting up his own real estate business in 1993. Zhuoda is now one of Hebeis largest private companies, involved in real estate, tourism and education. Zhuoda has built a private university for 1,000 students in Beijing. It recently started developing tourism in Inner Mongolia and Hainan. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Tokyo Business School), junior high school Main company: Huada Group Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: NA Main industries: Investments, high-tech and biotech Wealth: 240 million (250 million), based on the Lis estimated share of the groups net assets in 2000 Li started out in 1981 on the beaches of Beidaihe with an 800 fresh-juice machine. Four years later he won a license to be the sole distributor in Japan of a Chinese-invented hair restorer. In 1991 he invested 38 million in a Malaysian road, doubling his money within half a year. Li is renowned for being the first person in China to own a Ferrari and even has a star named after him. In 2000 Li invested into anti-senility health product. He is a member of the Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Hejia Group Company headquarters: Sichuan, Chengdu First listing: Shanghai (June 1997) Main industries: Agriculture and valve production Wealth: 240 million (96 million), based on Xias share of the groups estimated net assets in 2000 Xia was building roads for eight years from the age of 15, before starting a paper packaging business, and then in 1978 a printing press business with a bank loan of 13,000. Financially secure by the early 1980s, Xia started entering different industries. A diversified group, Hejias main industries include agriculture, valve productionsigning a deal with General Electric this summerhelicopters, real estate and Tibetan medicine. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Dalian Shide Group Company headquarters: Liaoning, Dalian First listing: NA Main industry: Chemical building materials Wealth: 240 million, based on Xus estimated share of the groups net assets in 2000 Having sped his way through schooling, Xu started producing building materials in 1992, with his first break coming in 1995. Since then Shide has diversified into home appliances and automotive production. Shides high-profile purchase last year of Chinas top soccer team, Dalian Shide, made news headlines everywhere in the country. Sales in 2000 amounted to 480 million, and there were 2,000 employees. Last years values in parentheses. Education: MBA (part-time), junior high school Main company: Zongshen Group Company headquarters: Chongqing First listing: Shenzhen (July 2001) Main industries: Motorcycles and engines Wealth: 240 million, based on Zuos share of the groups net assets in 2000 From a motorcycle repair shop in 1982, Zuo, whose education was cut short by the Cultural Revolution, has grown Zongshen to one of the worlds largest motorcycle companies with annual production of 1 million motorcycles and 18,000 employees. Based in Chongqing, the motorcycle heart of China, the same place as Yin Mingshan(see No.96), Zongshen runs Chinas first international motorcycle racing team. Zongshen has diversified into producing engines for outboard motors. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Masters (Tianjin University) Main company: Greencool Technology Holdings Company headquarters: Hong Kong First listing: HK GEM (July 2001) Main industry: Refrigerants Wealth: 236 million, based on Gus share of the listed company In the 1980s, Gu invented environmentally friendly and energy-saving chlorofluorocarbon-free refrigerants, which have been the basis for Greencools growth. With factories in Tianjin and the United Kingdom, Greencool is one of the worlds leading manufacturers of CFC-free refrigerants. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Shandong Medical School) Main company: Peoples Food Holdings Company headquarters: Hong Kong First listing: Singapore (March 2001) Main industry: Pig farming, slaughtering and processing Wealth: 235 million, based on Mings share of the listed company A doctor in Beijing for 12 years, Ming left to sell medical equipment in 1993. The following year, Ming started a pig abattoir through a series of acquisitions, it has become one of Chinas largest. In 2000 Peoples Food processed 3.2 million pigs and 7.5 million chickens. Curiously, the only other Singapore-listed company in the Top 100, is his next door neighbor, Ye Weichen, who happens to operate in agriculture. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Junior high school Main company: Chaoda Modern Agriculture Holdings Company headquarters: Fujian, Fuzhou First listing: Hong Kong (December 2000) Main industry: Organic agriculture Wealth: 233 million, based on Kwoks share of the listed company Starting out with a small home-appliance business in 1980, Kwok switched to agriculture 13 years later with a vision of beefing up Chinas rather lame agriculture industry. With an original investment of 72,000, Kuok moved from producing fertilizer and pesticide to organic cherries and tomatoes. Chaoda has since diversified to farming goats. We have classified Kuok as a Mainland Chinese for the purpose of this list, despite his Hong Kong citizenship, because Guo was born, brought up and his business is in mainland China. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Beijing Tongchan Investment Group Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: NA Main industries: Beijing real estate and investments Wealth: 216 million (226 million), based on Chens share of the net assets of the group in 2000 After a few years in the government, Chen started his own business printing T-shirts, before heading down to Hainan in 1988 to play the real estate game. On returning to Beijing, Chen invested in real estate, building materials and, last year, a Hong Kong security company. Tongchan has a bank on Wall Street, America TCC International Investment Group. Chen is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Orient Group Company headquarters: Heilongjiang, Harbin First listing: Shanghai (January 1994) Main industries: Investments, Heilongjiang real estate and building materials Wealth: 204 million (350 million), based on Zhangs share of the groups 2000 net assets One of the leaders of the private sector, Zhang started out in real estate, progressing to international trade and, today, to finance and information technology. Gaining an early listing, Orient invested into erstwhile state industries, such as telecommunications and security companies. Orient is a key investor in Chinas first private bank and an insurance company, industries that are expected to become highly competitive once China joins the World Trade Organization. In 2000 sales amounted to 1.6 billion. Zhang is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference and vice-chairman of the All China Federation of Industry and Commerce. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Beijing University) Main company: Tonghua Dongbao Group Company headquarters: Jilin, Tonghua First listing: Shanghai (August 1994) Main industry: Pharmaceuticals Wealth: 193 million Li, a skilled laborer in local pharmaceutical and packaging companies prior to starting his own business in the early 1980s with 2,500. Dongbao grew on the back of three major products, ginseng, an anti-stress drug and a diabetes drug. Dongbao has expanded to building materials and has recently purchased a listed wine producer. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Pengrun Group Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: NA Main industries: Household appliances and Beijing real estate Wealth: 180 million At 17, Huang and his brother moved to Beijing, setting up a business selling low-end household electronic appliances with a 3,600 bank loan. When high inflation struck the country in 1987, Pengruns business took off. Today it enjoys a 35 market share in China. Pengrun diversified into Beijing real estate in 1996. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Haci Group Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: Shanghai (September 1996) Main industry: Health products Wealth: 175 million In 1987, Guo made his name by inventing a cup with a magnetic rim, believed to have a therapeutic effect when water is drunk through it. So popular did this product become that Guo was driven out of the market by imitation products. Rebounding from this setback, Guo has since launched several new products and to date has 128 patents granted. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Henan Normal, chemistry) Main company: Shenzhen TaiTa Pharmaceutical Company headquarters: Guangdong, Shenzhen First listing: Shanghai (June 2001) Main industry: Health and beauty tonics Wealth: 171 million In 1992 Zhu bought beauty product recipes from an old doctor in his native Henan province for 11,000. The first products included a beauty essence formulated with Chinese medicinal herbs and a homeopathic relief for the menopause. TaiTa products became a must-have for Hong Kong women almost overnight. It was said that most truck drivers traveling between Hong Kong and Guangzhou had to bring back a box of TaiTa tonics. At the beginning of the Asian financial crisis, Zhu chose to diversify, acquiring a Chinese pharmaceutical company. Last years values in parentheses. Birthplace: Hong Kong Education: University (Beijing International Economics and Business) Main company: United Food Holdings Company headquarters: Shandong, Linyi First listing: Singapore (March 2001) Main industry: Pig farming, slaughtering and processing Wealth: 168 million Having worked in imports and exports for six years, Yip established United Foods in 1993. At first United Foods produced pork sausages, then set up a pig farm, raising 150,000 pigs per annum. Last years sales reached 180 million with 1,200 employees. Although a Hong Kong citizen, Yip grew up in China and does significantly all his business there. Last years values in parentheses. Education: MBA (Nankai University) Main company: Tiens Group Company headquarters: Tianjin First listing: NA Main industries: Pharmaceuticals and health foods Wealth: 150 million Having worked in an oil field and a plastic factory for seven years before starting his own busniess in 1985, Lis first project was producing protein for use in animal feed. In 1993, Li spent 2.4 million, raised from loans and his own capital, developing a high-calcium product. Great success but this year the original owner of the product is suing Li for breach of contract. An intestine product helped establish Tiens in pharmaceuticals. Tiens has donated U. S. 30 million to charities. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Jilin Zhengye Group Company headquarters: Jilin, Changchun First listing: NA Main industries: Changchun and Beijing real estate, pig farming, slaughtering and processing Wealth: 145 million After Deng Xiaopings tour of the South in 1992, Han took his chance and started his own business. First real estate and then moving into commercial leasing and hotels, Zhengye in 1998 diversified to pig raising. Zhengye invests 200 million into the pig industry and has 1,100 employees. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Song Dynasty Town Group Company headquarters: Zhejiang, Hangzhou First listing: NA Main industry: Zhejiang tourism and real estate Wealth: 145 million A lover of the arts, Huang made his name in academia for his work on the Dream of the Red Chamber, one of Chinas most famous novels, whilst serving in the army. Huang moved to Hainan in 1986, where he worked in tourism. In 1996, he developed a Song Dynasty City tourist site, Songchengs major project. This year, Song Dynasty opened a private school for 1,000 students. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Jian Enterprise Group Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: NA Main industry: Beijing real estate and retail chain Wealth: 145 million Starting out in the late 1980s, Jian has expanded from Beijing real estate to a retail chain, investments in banking and insurance and high-tech. A Uighur, Jian is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Masters (Fudan, economics) Main company: China Oceanwide Group Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: NA Main industries: Investments and Shenzhen real estate Wealth: 145 million Starting out at the age of 33, Lu has since turned his hand to investing, real estate and high-tech. Significant investments include Minsheng Bank, Chinas first private bank, an insurance company and Guangcai Construction, a Shenzhen A share-listed real estate company. Lu is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Main companies: Shanghai DLong International Strategic Investment and Xinjiang DLong Group Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: Shanghai (October 1996) Main industry: Investments Wealth: 145 million Born into a family of intellectuals, the Tang brothers and a group of university friends began by dabbling with camera films, noodles and fertilizer before finding the fledgling stock market in 1992. Over the course of the next few years, the low-profile DLong has invested into a string of listed companies, including tomatoes and auto parts, with aggregate sales of some 2.4 billion. DLong is held in high regard by other entrepreneurs for its investment skills. Last years values in parentheses. Education: High school Main company: Jiangxi Guoxi Group Company headquarters: Jiangxi, Yujiang First listing: NA Main industries: Wood carvings and foam Wealth: 145 million Zhang lays claim to be Chinas earliest private entrepreneur. Selling his family home in 1973, Zhang raised 170 to start a wood carving business, which has since become the market leader for Japanese religious wood artifacts. In the early 1990s, Hainan real estate and the fledgling Shenzhen stock exchange helped establish Zhang. In 1996 Zhang diversified to producing foam today, his main project is a 20 million electrical micromotor joint venture with a U. S. company, in which he has a controlling stake. In recognition of the growing importance of the Chinas private sector, Zhang was honored as having a star named after him in 1993. He was a deputy to the National Peoples Congress for ten years and is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: China Rare Earth Holdings Company headquarters: Jiangsu, Yixing First listing: Hong Kong (October 1999) Main industry: Rare earth products Wealth: 137 million In 1984, Jiang left the state-owned enterprise he was working at and started his own business with 360, first as a town and village enterprise before it became a private company. Rare Earth became the first mainland private company to list abroad and in 2000 had sales of 72 million. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Xiyang Group Company headquarters: Liaoning, Haicheng First listing: NA Main industries: Fertilizer and fireproof materials Wealth: 125 million An industrial oil and tiles business since 1975, before switching to fireproof materials in 1988 with an initial capital of 120,000, 40 borrowed. By 1995, Xiyang had become Chinas largest fireproof materials company. Since 1997, Xiyang invested into fertilizers and has 10 of Chinas market. Sales in 2000 amounted to 132 million. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Xinjiang Hualing Group Company headquarters: Xinjiang, Urumqi First listing: NA Main industry: Urumqi real estate and building materials Wealth: 120 million On leaving local government, Mi started a retailing business while in his late 20s with 18,000. Turning his hand to building materials in the mid-1990s, Mi progressed to setting up a trading market, important for trade with Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Shenzhen Fuyuan Industrial Group Company headquarters: Guangdong, Shenzhen First listing: NA Main industries: Stone and Shenzhen real estate Wealth: 120 million Coming from a poor background, Miaos first break came at the age of 33, when he leased a stone quarry in Shenzhen with 60. The right place at the right time, Shenzhen was about to take off. Fuyuan has 20,000 employees and has diversified into real estate. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Dalian Xinxing Group Company headquarters: Liaoning, Dalian First listing: NA Main industries: Dalian real estate and building materials Wealth: 120 million In his mid-50s, when most people are preparing themselves for retirement, Sun decided to start his own company. Xinxing is a key residential real estate developer in Dalian with 5,000 employees. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Hangzhou University) Main company: Narada Group Company headquarters: Zhejiang, Hangzhou First listing: Singapore (May 2000) Main industries: Hangzhou real estate and toll roads Wealth: 120 million His education interrupted by the Cultural Revolution, Zhou did not go to university until the age of 23. A government policy researcher for ten years, Zhous first business was trading in Guangdong in 1991. Two years later, Zhou started developing real estate in Hangzhou, later diversifying to building and operating toll roads, batteries and even a futures trading company. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Zijiang Group Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: Shanghai (August 1999) Main industry: Printing and packaging, and electronics Wealth: 116 million In 1988, Shen imported his first printing and packaging line, after five years of operating a plastics workshop. Zijiang produces bottles and lids for several household names. Sales in 1999 amounted to just less than 1 billion, and there were 4,000 employees. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Mailyard Group Company headquarters: Hubei, Huangshi First listing: Shanghai (October 1997) Main industries: Textiles Wealth: 115 million A teacher, 14 years in the army and a local government official before starting his textile business in 1986, Mailyards most significant export market is Japan. One of Chinas largest textile exporters, Mailyard has 10,000 employees. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Yihua Enterprise Group Company headquarters: Guangdong First listing: NA Main industry: Wood products Wealth: 111 million Opening a wood workshop in 1987 with 100, Liu has built his business into one of Chinas leading wood processing companies. Yihua grows its own trees, and with 2000 employees, achieved sales of 180 million last year. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Zhejiang Geely Group Company headquarters: Zhejiang, Taizhou First listing: NA Main industry: Automobiles and motorcycles Wealth: 110 million In 1984, the Li brothers launched a refrigerator parts business, switching to decoration materials and then motorcycle production in 1994. Three years later Geely diversified to automotives to become Chinas first private automobile producer. In 2000, Geely sold 600,000 motorcycles and 150,000 cars. Geely has founded a university in Beijing. Last years values in parentheses. Birthplace: Zhejiang, Dongyang Education: Vocational school, junior high school Main company: Guangsha Group Company headquarters: Zhejiang, Hangzhou First listing subsidiary: Shanghai (March 1997) Main industries: Zhejiang and Chongqing construction and real estate Wealth: 110 million In 1984, Lou started his own construction company, after spending 15 years working on the countryside. Raising 1.2 million in capital in 1992, Guangsha has taken over some ten state-owned enterprises, including a leading Chongqing construction company. Sales last year amounted to 480 million. Guangsha is currently developing a 1 billion real estate project in Hangzhou. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Changning Group Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: NA Main industry: Water supply systems Wealth: 110 million After graduation, Shi became a teacher before spending a decade in prison during the Cultural Revolution. Setting up his own business in 1985, Shi has overseen Changning to one of Chinas largest water supply companies. Shi is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (NE Caijing University, economics) Main company: Dalian Huafeng Group Company headquarters: Liaoning, Dalian First listing: NA Main industries: Dalian golf course, real estate and a high tech park Wealth: 108 million Starting in 1987, Ren invested in retail, a hotel and manufacturing before embarking on Dalians first golf course in 1993. Close to golf-crazy Japan and South Korea, Ren has invested roughly 240 million into the course, later diversifying to real estate and a high-tech park. Ren is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Peoples University of China) Main company: Xinao Gas Holdings Company headquarters: Hebei, Langfang First listing: HK GEM (April 2001) Main industry: Gas supply Wealth: 104 million Gaining experience in the liquid natural gas business in the 1980s, Wang started his own energy supplier business in 1989 with family capital of 1.1 million. Purchasing gas from the gas fields, Xinao supplies it to end users via its own network of pipelines. As part of the Beijing governments drive to cut air pollution, Xinao and Wah Sang(see No.90) are seeing their business grow. Wang has diversified into real estate and is a deputy to the National Peoples Congress. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Masters (Columbia University, U. S.), University (Beijing Foreign Languages Institute) Main company: Sun Television Cybernetworks Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: Hong Kong (March 2000) Main industry: Media Wealth: 102 million Starting out as a TV presented for a popular variety show in 1990, Yang has since graduated to being one of Chinas most recognized TV interviewers. This year, Yang started Yang Lan Studios, interviewing business leaders both at home and abroad. Together with her Hong Kong husband, Wu Zheng, she has diversified into satellite technology and delivery networks, pay TV, broadband content provision and real estate. In September, Sun TV took over the ailing Sina, Chinas leading internet portal. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Masters (Japan), University (Tianjin Foreign Languages Institute) Main company: Tianjin Huaye Group Company headquarters: Tianjin First listing: NA Main industries: Pharmaceuticals Wealth: 102 million Zhai started out at the Bank of China, before being seconded to Japan, where he stayed on to read a masters in 1988. On returning to China, Zhai began a transportation business with 2,400, later developing to international trading, the production of auto parts and pharmaceuticals. Huaye specializes in anti-burn products and owns a hospital. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Galanz Enterprise Group Company headquarters: Guangdong First listing: NA Main industry: Microwaves Wealth: 101 million Liang already had 20 years of work experience before setting up Galanz in 1978. The floods of 1994 gave Liang the incentive to give up his previous industries and start a joint venture with Toshiba producing microwaves. Galanz is the worlds largest microwave producer with 30 of the worlds market. 2000 sales amounted to 687 million. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: UFSOFT (Yongyou) Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: Shanghai (May 2001) Main industry: Enterprise management software Wealth: 101 million A child prodigy, Wang went to university at 15, then worked for the State Council in Beijing. In 1988 he and his partner raised 6,000 and set up UFSOFT, Chinese for users friend, in Chinas Silicon Valley, Zhongguan Village in Beijing. The company has been a leader of the accounting software market for the past 11 years. In May 2001, Wang became the first private high-tech company to float its own shares in China. Rather than list abroad, Wang was determined to list where his main market isChina. The crowds loved it: Yongyous opening price of RMB 36.7 was the highest ever, and Yongyou was the first company to hit RMB 100 on the first day of trading. Wang is a deputy to the National Peoples Congress. Last years values in parentheses. Education: High school Main company: Zhejiang Kingsea Group Company headquarters: Zhejiang, Hangzhou First listing: NA Main industry: Soft drinks Wealth: 96 million Chen epitomizes the rags-to-riches story common in China. Born into a poor mountain village, he built up a honey business, before discovering the stock market, where he earned a reputation as one of Chinas first stock market millionaires. One of the earliest private entrepreneurs to purchase an state-owned enterprise in 1992, Chen has since built up a beverage business, the pride and joy of which is expected to be a mineral water sourced from a cold spring in northeastern China. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Tianjin Home World Group Company headquarters: Tianjin First listing: NA Main industry: Retail chain Wealth: 96 million Starting out in the late 1980s with real estate, Du has grown Home World into Chinas largest private retail chain, focusing on Tianjin, Beijing and Xian. With 6,000 employees, sales in 2000 reached 280 million. Du has invested into a primary school. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Junior high school Main company: Fuhai Group Company headquarters: Guangdong, Zhuhai First listing: NA Main industry: Zhuhai real estate Wealth: 96 million Taking after his grandfather, a successful Guizhou businessman in pre-liberation days, and his father, a senior politician, Luo has high standard to live up to. Luos first business was producing sofas in 1988 he set up a pawnshop in Shenzhen and started investing into Zhuhai real estate. Last year, despite Zhuhais lackluster real estate market, Fuhai built Asias largest old peoples home. Luo is playing an active role in developing his hometown, Zunyi, a famous city in Chinese revolutionary history. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Shuangliang Group Company headquarters: Jiangsu, Jiangyin First listing: NA Main industry: Central air conditioners Wealth: 96 million Miao was in the army for ten years before investing 1,000 in 1982, installing air conditioning units Shanghai. In 1995, Shuangliang went into a joint venture with a U. S. company to advance its technology but five years later rescinded it. Shuangliang is Chinas largest producer of central air conditioners with sales of 145 million and a 60 market share in China. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Chint Group Company headquarters: Zhejiang, Wenzhou First listing: NA Main industry: Electrical appliances Wealth: 96 million Coming from Wenzhou, one of Chinas most entrepreneurial towns, Nan did not dally long before setting up his own business at the age of 21, making light switches with a 6,000 investment. In typical Wenzhou style, Chint has no debts. Sales last year amounted to 500 million the company employs 10,000. Nan is a deputy to the National Peoples Congress. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Jinghai Group Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: NA Main industries: Information technology and Beijing real estate Wealth: 96 million Wang worked at the Chinese Academy of Sciences for 28 years before launching his own business 1983. With a 1,200 loan Wang installed Chinas first large-scale computer laboratory, using self-developed technology. Jinghai has set up an incubator for high-tech startups and has diversified to real estate and health foods. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Masters (New Jersey Tech, U. S.), University (Beijing Industrial) Main company: UTStarcom Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: Nasdaq (March 2000) Main industry: Telecommunications. Wealth: 96 million After four years with Bell Labs, Wu established a technology consultancy in New Jersey in 1991. The following year he moved back to Beijing, concentrating on developing telecom software. A merger with a telecom hardware company in 1995 set UTStarcom on the road to becoming a key player in Chinas telecom industry. Sales in 2000 amounted to 368 million, half of which came from the sales of a low-cost wireless phones. UTStarcom is Chinas best-performing high-tech Nasdaq stock. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Vocational school Main company: Shanxi Central Pharmaceutical Group Company headquarters: Shanxi First listing: Hong Kong (July 2000) Main industry: Pharmaceuticals Wealth: 88 million After graduation, Hou worked for 11 years in a hospital in Shanxi, before opening Taiyuan Hospital in 1987 with a loan of 12,000. Shanxi Central specializes in rheumatism and arthritis, combining Chinese medicine with modern technology. In 1998, it started a Web site offering free online medical consultations. Last years sales amounted to 30 million. Hou is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Vocational school Main company: Guangdong Jinye Group Company headquarters: Guangdong, Guangzhou First listing: NA Main industry: Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing real estate Wealth: 85 million On leaving the local government tourism bureau, Guo leased three bankrupt real estate state-owned enterprises, turning them around within a year. In 1997, Jinye started developing Olympic Garden residential projects around China, significantly boosted this summer after Chinas successful 2008 Olympic bid. Today, Jinye has 1,000 employees. Last years values in parentheses. Birthplace: Zhejiang, Pinghu Education: High school Main company: Matsuoka Group (Mozhihua) Company headquarters: Shanghai First listings: Shanghai (B-share December 1998, A-share March 2001) Main industry: Textiles and printing Wealth: 85 million Li started out manufacturing textiles with 240. In 1989, he began to export but was almost bankrupted by a failed order to the Middle East. Two years later, a Japanese businessman invested in his business. In 1993 Matsuoka diversified into printing the company boasts it prints two-thirds of Chinas value-added tax invoices. Matsuoka is said to have 60 of the Japanese work uniforms market. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Henan Huanghe Enterprise Group Company headquarters: Henan, Yuzhou First listing: Shanghai (October 1998) Main industry: Industrial diamonds Wealth: 85 million Starting in 1979 with 2,800, Qiaos break came in 1985 when he purchased the technology to produce industrial diamonds. Today Huanghe is the third-largest industrial diamond producer in the world. Qiao is a deputy to the National Peoples Congress. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Shanxi Zhenxing Group Company headquarters: Shanxi First listing: NA Main industry: Aluminum, electricity and coal Wealth: 85 million Taking advantage of Shanxis natural resources and the Yellow River nearby, Shi started a coal business in 1981. A decade later, Zhenxing became Chinas first private company to generate electricity and, in 1996, started processing aluminum. Last years sales reached 72 million. Zhenxing has 3,000 employees. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Tianjin Yinzuo Group Company headquarters: Tianjin First listing: NA Main industries: Tianjin real estate Wealth: 85 million Two years in the army and three years in local government, Wang became a cartographer in 1983. Today, Yinzuo is a major real estate developer in Tianjin, focusing on accommodations for army veterans. The company has expanded into textiles, medical equipment and building materials. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Jiangsu Zongyi Group Company headquarters: Jiangsu First listing: Shanghai (November 1996) Main industries: High-tech investments, wood trade and textiles Wealth: 85 million The Zan brothers first break came in 1987 when they won a contract to supply textiles to the Shanghai Number One Department Store, then Chinas biggest department store. In 1992, they invested 2.9 million into the wood trade, becoming one of Chinas largest wood traders. In 1998 the Zan brothers started investing into the new economy. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Guangdong) Main company: Golden Crown Paintings Group (Jinguang Tuliao) Company headquarters: Guangdong First listing: NA Main industry: Oil based industrial paints Wealth: 85 million Upon graduating, Zhou set about developing a business producing oil-based industrial paints in 1991 with 1,000. At that time, China was importing most oil paints. Since 1994 Jinguang has been the market leader in China for oil-based industrial paints with a 25 market share in 1999. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: AsiaInfo Holdings Company headquarters: Beijing First listing: Nasdaq (March 2000) Main industry: Systems integration and software services Wealth: 80 million AsiaInfo, co-founded by Ding in Texas in 1994, was originally a content provider selling information about China to U. S. investors. Moving to Beijing the following year, AsiaInfo became the first company to bring the Internet to China. Prior to that there was no Internet infrastructure in China. Today, AsiaInfo is Chinas largest Internet system integrator and software provider, with sales in 2000 reaching 176 million. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Hongyun Real Estate Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: NA Main industry: Shanghai real estate Wealth: 78 million Zhang came to Shanghai at the age of 11 with his father. In 1990, he used his savings of 3,600 from previous odd jobs, soon moving into Shanghai real estate. In 1997 Zhang developed several well-known Shanghai residential estates. He has diversified into pesticides, information technology and pharmaceuticals and is the youngest committee member of the All China Federation of Industry and Commerce. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Trans Ocean Investment and Technology Company headquarters: Hong Kong First listing: Hong Kong (December 1999) Main industries: Shanghai real estate and residential broadband network Wealth: 75 million After seven years of working in a Shanghai hotel, followed by two years on a real estate project, Shi started his own business in 1995. Today, Trans Ocean is principally engaged in Shanghai real estate and the installation of broadband networks into residential properties. Last years values in parentheses. Education: MBA, University (Fudan) Main company: Forsun High-Tech Group Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: Shanghai (August 1998) Main industries: Pharmaceuticals and real estate Wealth: 70 million Born into a peasant family, Guos first break came when he developed a hepatitis A drug with four friends in 1992 on a 4,500 loan from lecturers at Fudan. Over the next few years, he has built a nationwide distribution network for pharmaceutical sales. Forsun has since diversified into medical equipment, real estate and software. Guo is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Nanjing Youdian) Main company: Sichuan Guoteng Telecommunications Company headquarters: Sichuan, Chengdu First listing: NA Main industry: IC card phones Wealth: 70 million Hes first break came from trading futures on the stock market. In 1994, He invested into developing Chinas first IC card phone, because she felt Chinas public phone system was keeping up with the market. Three years of fast growth have seen Guoteng take a 30 share of Chinas IC card phone market, with sales of 120 million last year. Guoteng has since invested into IC chips and secure telecom systems. Last years values in parentheses. Education: University (Dalian Guangli Ganbu College) Main company: Dayang Group Company headquarters: Liaoning, Dalian First listing: Shanghai (June 2000) Main industry: Western suits Wealth: 70 million In 1979, Li started a textile workshop with 3,600a large sum in those daysand was exporting to Japan within two years. Like Mailyard(see No.47), Dayang started expanding significantly after 1994. Today, 90 of its sales are from exports. Li has been a deputy to the National Peoples Congress since 1987. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Xian Diamond Group Company headquarters: Shaanxi, Xian First listing: Shanghai (December 1996) Main industry: Jewelry Wealth: 70 million Sent to the countryside as part of Chinas education of the intellectuals at the age of 17, Xu worked ten years before setting up a jewelry workshop in 1987. The first jewelry company to float in China, Diamond exports 85 of its sales and has more than 1,000 employees. Diamond has expanded to agriculture and flowers. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Wah Sang Gas Holdings Company headquarters: Hong Kong First listing: HK GEM (March 2000) Main industry: Gas supply Wealth: 68 million Ten years on a state-owned farm before moving to Hong Kong at age 32, Shen engaged in trading foodstuff. In 1994, he returned to China, setting up a business retailing LPG. Like Xinao(see No.55), Wah Sang buys from the gas fields and supplies the end user via its 190 km pipelines. Wah Sang has a distribution network of 80,000 households with sales in 2000 of 28 million. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Masters (part-time) Main company: Zhonglu Group Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: Shanghai (July 2001) Main industries: Bowling equipment, bicycles and investments Wealth: 66 million Brought up in a peasant family, the former mechanic took 250 saved over a ten-year period and in 1984 started a small clothing workshop in his hometown. Six years later Chen invested in the newly established stock market, subsequently turning 1.2 million into 12 million. In 1995, Chen rode the wave of the bowling craze in China, becoming the king of bowling equipment in China. This summer this year, Chen took over an ailing state-owned enterprise manufacturing bicycles, with one of Chinas top brands. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Zhejiang Kingring Group (Jinlun) Company headquarters: Zhejiang First listing: NA Main industry: Tyre cord fabrics Wealth: 66 million Born into a family that was so poor they had to sell their last pig for Lus education, Lu left school early to sell popcorn. In 1987, Lu started a tyre cord fabric business with 30,000 from an earlier plastics business. Today Jinlun is the worlds second-largest producer of tyre cord fabrics and had sales of 580 million in 2000. Jinlun has since expanded to produce motorcycles. Last years values in parentheses. Education: EMBA (CEIBS), University (Shanghai Gongcheng Jishu University) Main company: Zenitek Group (Zhida) Company headquarters: Shanghai First listing: NA Main industry: Application software Wealth: 66 million After six years working in Shanghai, Yan took 24,000 to start his own company in 1994. Today, 45 of the Shanghai Stock Exchange screens are Zenitek screens. Zenitek also produces electricity control software used by one of the Shanghai subway lines. In 1999 Zenitek started Eefoo, one of Chinas leading financial information portals. Last years values in parentheses. Education: Junior high school Main company: Fuyao Group Company headquarters: Fujian, Fuqing First listing: Shanghai (June 1993) Main industry: Automobile windscreen glass Wealth: 64 million In 1987, Cao noted there were no Chinese automobile windscreen manufacturers and that the car market was going to grow significantly. The first private foreign-invested company to float in China, Cao has since bought out the companys main investors. Today, Fuyao has almost half the domestic windscreen market and roughly 10 of the U. S. market. Such is the threat to the U. S. producers that they filed an anti-dumping suit against Fuyao, which Fuyao is currently contesting. Cao plans to put 20 of Fuyaos shares into a fund for university students. 2000 sales hit 90 million. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Lifan Group Company headquarters: Chongqing First listing: NA Main industry: Motors and motorcycles Wealth: 63 million After more than two decades in labor camps as punishment for his capitalist tendencies, Yin joined a publishing house. In 1992 he started a motorcycle maintenance business. Last year, Yin opted to publicize his business by purchasing the local Premier soccer team instead of listing. The soccer team was a runaway success in its first season, winning the national cup. Lifan is currently the market leader by quantity for motors below 250cc in China and has a significant export market mainly to Vietnam. Yin is a member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Harbin Coslight Group (Guangyu) Company headquarters: Heilongjiang, Harbin First listing: Hong Kong (November 1999) Main industry: Rechargeable batteries Wealth: 61 million On leaving a state-owned enterprise in 1988, Song and ten friends started producing batteries for cars. Today, with exports to Russia and the U. S. Guangyu is Chinas largest producer of car batteries. Last years sales reached 72 million. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Nanfang Group Company headquarters: Chongqing First listing: NA Main industry: Chongqing real estate Wealth: 61 million After a decade in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution and another decade with a state-owned enterprise, Sun launched an autoparts business with 18,000, buying in Guangzhou and selling in Chongqing. Nanfang switched to real estate in 1993. Last years values in parentheses. Main company: Good Baby Group (Hao Haizi) Company headquarters: Jiangsu, Kunshan First listing: NA Main industry: Prams Wealth: 60 million A teacher in Kunshan, a city famous for its Taiwanese investment, Song spun off a town and village enterprise from the school in 1989 producing baby prams. Today, Hao Haizi has an 80 market share in China and 28 of the U. S. market. In 2000, sales reached 120 million. Last year, Good Baby had sales of 120 million and 4,000 employees.